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''Up from Slavery'' is the 1901 autobiography of Booker T. Washington detailing his personal experiences in working to rise from the position of a slave child during the Civil War, to the difficulties and obstacles he overcame to get an education at the new Hampton University, to his work establishing vocational schools—most notably the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama—to help black people and other disadvantaged minorities learn useful, marketable skills and work to pull themselves, as a race, up by the bootstraps. He reflects on the generosity of both teachers and philanthropists who helped in educating blacks and native Americans. He describes his efforts to instill manners, breeding, health and a feeling of dignity to students. His educational philosophy stresses combining academic subjects with learning a trade (something which is reminiscent of the educational theories of John Ruskin). Washington explained that the integration of practical subjects is partly designed to reassure the white community as to the usefulness of educating black people. This book was first released as a serialized work in 1900 through ''The Outlook'', a Christian newspaper of New York. This work was serialized because this meant that during the writing process, Washington was able to hear critiques and requests from his audience and could more easily adapt his paper to his diverse audience.〔Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriett Beecher Stowe was also a serialized text, before it was published. The first chapter came out on November 3, 1900, and the last on February 23, 1901, through ''The Outlook''. Washington, Booker T. "Up from Slavery." ''The Outlook'' (1893–1924) 66, no. 10 (November 3, 1900): 554-554. Washington, Booker T. "Up from Slavery: An Autobiography." ''The Outlook'' (1893–1924) 67, no. 8 (February 23, 1901): 448-448. 〕 Washington was a controversial figure in his own lifetime, and W. E. B. Du Bois, among others, criticized some of his views. The book was, however, a best-seller, and remained the most popular African American autobiography until that of Malcolm X.〔Brundage, W. Fitzhugh. "Reconsidering Booker T. Washington and Up from Slavery." ''Booker T. Washington and Black Progress: ''Up From Slavery'' 100 Years Later''. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003, 1.〕 In 1998, the Modern Library listed the book at No. 3 on its list of the 100 best nonfiction books of the 20th century. == Plot summary == ''Up from Slavery'' chronicles more than forty years of Washington's life: from slave to schoolmaster to the face of southern race relations. In this text, Washington climbs the social ladder through hard, manual labor, a decent education, and relationships with great people. Throughout the text, he stresses the importance of education for the black population as a reasonable tactic to ease race relations in the South (particularly in the context of Reconstruction). He argues for combining the learning of a trade with more intellectual studies (a combination which is reminiscent of Ruskin's philosophy in Fors Clavigera). The book is in essence Washington's traditional, non-confrontational message supported by the example of his life. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Up from Slavery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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